Aim and Background: The main purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness of applied BEHAVIORAL analysis (ABA) approach on symptoms of autistic children during a five-year period.Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 autistic children (3-7 years of age) were intervened by ABA approach at Isfahan Center of Autism for a period of five years (2007-12). Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) was filled out at baseline and at the end of the five-year period. Besides, the subjects were assessed by a checklist including cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help at the beginning of the study and at the end of each year. After five years, all collected data was analyzed with SPSS19.Findings: Pretest and the posttest values of stereotypic behaviors, communication problems, social interactions, and GARS total scores were significantly different (P<0.001). Furthermore, significant improvements in cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help were observed after each year and at the end of the five-year period (P<0.001).Conclusions: On the whole, it can be concluded that ABA-based interventions can effectively reduce symptoms of autism and increase skills.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BEHAVIORAL Activation Therapy (BAT) on reducing anhedonia and enhancing school PARTICIPATION among adolescents in Malaysia. Methods and Materials: A randomized controlled trial design with a five-month follow-up was used, involving 30 adolescents randomly assigned into intervention and control groups (n = 15 each). The intervention group received 12 weekly sessions of BEHAVIORAL Activation Therapy, each lasting 45–60 minutes, targeting increased PARTICIPATION in rewarding and meaningful activities. The control group received no intervention during the study period. Anhedonia was measured using the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS,Snaith et al., 1995), and school PARTICIPATION was assessed by the School Function Assessment (SFA,Coster et al., 1998) at pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were performed using SPSS-27. Findings: Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated significant improvements in the intervention group on both anhedonia (F(2, 56) = 61. 54, p <. 001, η² =. 70) and school PARTICIPATION (F(2, 56) = 36. 42, p <. 001, η² =. 56). Mean anhedonia scores in the intervention group significantly decreased from pre-test (M = 10. 47, SD = 1. 36) to post-test (M = 5. 13, SD = 1. 21) and remained stable at follow-up (M = 5. 20, SD = 1. 33). Similarly, school PARTICIPATION significantly increased from pre-test (M = 56. 27, SD = 6. 84)to post-test (M = 72. 40, SD = 5. 92), with effects sustained at follow-up (M = 71. 53, SD = 6. 15). Post-hoc comparisons confirmed that all significant changes occurred between pre-test and post-test, with stability from post-test to follow-up. Conclusion: Thes findings suggest the therapy suitability as an effective therapeutic approach within educational and psychological practice settings.

Background: Adopting new measures taken by policy makers promoting physical activities and exercise in different societies prompted us to assess the effect of BEHAVIORAL interventions and economics on PARTICIPATION in physical activities. Methods: The present study was correlational. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Its content validity was confirmed by 9 experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the active individuals’,section of 0. 78 and in the inactive individuals’,section of 0. 74. The statistical population of the present study included all individuals who were not physically or medically restricted from participating in physical activities,1659 people answered the questionnaires and finally 1401 questionnaires were the basis of statistical analysis. STATA16 software was used for statistical analysis of variables and estimation of research model parameters. Results: The results in the inactive section showed that physicians alone as well as physicians prescribing sports, expensive costs and increased working time had a positive and significant effect on the decision to participate in physical activities. In active people, doctor's advice along with increasing sports costs and reducing income had a significant negative effect on the decision to participate in physical activities. Conclusion: In general, those advocating sports and physical activities for development are advised to pay attention and take into account individual differences in incomes when formulating executive plans.

Nowadays employees play key role in increasing efficiency and effectiveness of organizations through continuous improvement or Kaizen. Suggestion system is one of the most important kaizen activities in organizations and employee's tendency to submit a suggestion is the key factor of this system.Unfortunately, there is less research about the influencing factors on employee's tendency to submit a suggestion especially on psychological factors. This study using survey- descriptive method, questionnaire, and developing the theory of planned behavior investigates the influencing factors on employee's tendency in submitting a suggestion among 208 employees in Tabriz University. The results of this study showed that there is a significance relation between attitudes toward submitting suggestion, subjective norms and perceived BEHAVIORAL control on the one hand and tendency to submit a suggestion on the other hand, but subjective norms and perceived BEHAVIORAL control are more influential on employee's tendency to submit a suggestion.

Women’s social PARTICIPATION is recognized and accepted from a religious perspective, and women, beyond their individual and family roles, can also engage in social activities. Social PARTICIPATION encompasses multiple levels, including employment and economic activity, talent development to nurture personal capabilities, and reform-oriented activity aimed at improving society and the world. The central question of this study is: According to Ayatollah Khamenei, what principles should women observe in their social PARTICIPATION? In other words, what overarching principles govern all levels of women’s social activities? To answer this question, a documentary research method was used to collect data. For data analysis, thematic analysis was employed, and the relevant documents were coded into basic themes, organizing themes, and overarching themes. Based on the findings, four principles should govern women’s social PARTICIPATION: family-centeredness, avoidance of gender mixing, proportionality, and autonomy

Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a time-consuming and severe mental illness that causes significant distress and impaired functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of family-based cognitive-BEHAVIORAL therapy on the symptoms and functions of children with OCD. Materials and Methods: The research plan was single-case or single-subject. The statistical population of this research included all the children with OCD within the age range of 7-12 years who referred to counseling and psychiatric centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2020. In total, four children who were diagnosed with OCD were selected by the available sampling method and received family-based cognitive-BEHAVIORAL therapy intervention in 12 sessions. In this study, the required data were collected using Yale-Brown Child Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale and the Child Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Impact Scale. Data analysis was performed using visual charting or graphical analysis methods, reliable change index, and percentage of improvement. Results: The results showed that a reliable change index was significant for symptoms and function in treatment and follow-up (P<0. 05). Moreover, the percentage of overall improvement showed the effectiveness of family-based cognitive-BEHAVIORAL therapy on the symptoms and function of children with OCD in treatment and follow-up stages. All four children were in the successful treatment category based on the Classification of Blanchard. Conclusion: Family-based cognitive-BEHAVIORAL therapy can be beneficial and effective on the symptoms and function of children with OCD.

Objective: The aim of this study was to Relationship between time preferences and risk preferences with BEHAVIORAL changes in PARTICIPATION in sports and physical activitiesMethodology: The method used in the present study has been a generalized sequential logit model and the maximum straightening method has been used to estimate the coefficients of the parameters of this pattern. The required information has been collected in the form of a questionnaire, that the process of distribution and collection has been through two methods of distribution with the help of cyberspace and face to face. The sample size was calculated based on the estimation obtained from Cochran's formula and finally 373 questionnaires were used as the basis for statistical analysis. STATA(16) software has been used for statistical analysis of variables and estimation of Logit pattern parameters.Results: The results showed that the economic components of risk preference and time preference have an effect on changing people's behavior to participate in physical activity and with increasing risk and time preference for individuals, increases the likelihood of their presence at higher levels of behavior change (from the Pre-contemplation stage to maintenance).Conclusion: In general, the present study and its findings can provide a new perspective and approach custodians of the development of physical activities in society to use new tools (components of BEHAVIORAL economics) to achieve their goals to expand and promote physical activity and achieve health goals in the community.